If the prosecution introduces other charges after the defense rests does the defense get to prepare a new defense to this charges?
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To answer your question, I do not think so. I think in every state a “charge” or charging instrument has to be brought up before trial. It is a document stating exactly what a person is being charged with. The prosecution does not get to add charges later or even during the trial.
A charging document is a “complaint” stating the crime(s) a person is accused of and may be called a complaint, an information or an indictment. They are all basically the same thing saying something like, “John Doe is being charged with committing on or about this day in this county with committing the crime of_________”.
People don’t just go to court. They have to be a piece of paper ordering the trial. The complaint is that document and it is read in court before the trial starts.
If your question is, can the prosecutor later add a charge during a trial, I think the answer is no.
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